指令查看系统信息¶
可以在终端查看服务器的硬件信息，支持本地与远程终端连接。
Note
部分储存系统信息的文件仅支持 root 用户查看。
查询硬件指令汇总¶
查看主板信息。
> dmidecode -q -t 2 Base Board Information Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd. Product Name: X299-WU8-CF Version: x.x Serial Number: Default string ...查看 CPU 信息。
> dmidecode -q -t 4 Processor Information Socket Designation: <BAD INDEX> Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon Manufacturer: <BAD INDEX> ...> cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "model name" |uniq model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9980XE CPU @ 3.00GHz > cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "processor" |uniq |wc -l 36
查看 GPU 信息。
> lspci |grep -i nvidia 19:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1e04 (rev a1) 19:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 10f7 (rev a1) 19:00.2 USB controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1ad6 (rev a1) 19:00.3 Serial bus controller [0c80]: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1ad7 (rev a1) ...
> nvidia-smi +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | NVIDIA-SMI 450.57 Driver Version: 450.57 CUDA Version: 11.0 | |-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC | | Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. | | | | MIG M. | |===============================+======================+======================| | 0 GeForce RTX 208... Off | 00000000:19:00.0 Off | N/A | | 40% 71C P2 158W / 250W | 8879MiB / 11019MiB | 54% Default | | | | N/A | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 1 GeForce RTX 208... Off | 00000000:1A:00.0 Off | N/A | | 47% 83C P2 121W / 250W | 8879MiB / 11019MiB | 54% Default | | | | N/A | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 2 GeForce RTX 208... Off | 00000000:67:00.0 Off | N/A | | 36% 61C P2 69W / 250W | 6081MiB / 11019MiB | 4% Default | | | | N/A | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ | 3 GeForce RTX 208... Off | 00000000:68:00.0 On | N/A | | 44% 82C P2 181W / 250W | 9450MiB / 11018MiB | 55% Default | | | | N/A | +-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
查看内存信息。
> dmidecode -q -t 17 Memory Device Array Handle: 0x003D Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 64 bits Size: 16384 MB ... > dmidecode -q -t 17 |grep Size Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB Size: 16384 MB
> free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 128526 88124 38120 132 2281 39136 Swap: 2047 2044 3查看硬盘信息。
> fdisk -l |grep "Disk /dev/nvme" Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 477 GiB, 512110190592 bytes, 1000215216 sectors > fdisk -l |grep "Disk /dev/sd" Disk /dev/sda: 3.7 TiB, 4000787030016 bytes, 7814037168 sectors
> df -h |grep "/dev/nvme" /dev/nvme0n1p1 469G 126G 320G 29% / > df -h |grep "/dev/sd" # note this hard disk has not mounted on the system
dmidecode 指令¶
Linux 系统下可以用 dmidecode 指令获取有关硬件的信息。
该指令遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准，以一种可读的方式输出设备的 DMI（Desktop Management Interface）信息，其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等。
该指令可以查看到当前系统配置信息，也可以查看到系统支持的最大配置信息。
输出格式¶
dmidecode 指令输出的每条信息都具备如下格式。
Handle 0×0002, DMI type 2, 8 bytes
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
Product Name: X299-WU8-CF
Version: x.x
Serial Number: Default string
第一行是记录头（Record Header），包括：
Handle：DMI 表中的记录标识符。
DMI Type [Num]：记录类型标识符，如
type 2表示 Base Board Information。Record Size：记录大小，不包括文本信息，如
8 bytes表示该记录占据 8 字节。
第二行是记录名称。
Record Name：记录名称，如 Base Board Information。
后面几行就是详细的记录信息。
全部信息¶
查看全部信息。
# list all records dmidecode # list all records with less redundancy dmidecode [-q][--quite]
记录类型¶
所有记录包含以下的记录类型与相应标识符。可以在
man dmidecode查看到。The SMBIOS specification defines the following DMI types: Type Information ──────────────────────────────────────────── 0 BIOS 1 System 2 Baseboard 3 Chassis 4 Processor 5 Memory Controller 6 Memory Module 7 Cache 8 Port Connector 9 System Slots 10 On Board Devices 11 OEM Strings 12 System Configuration Options 13 BIOS Language 14 Group Associations 15 System Event Log 16 Physical Memory Array 17 Memory Device 18 32-bit Memory Error 19 Memory Array Mapped Address 20 Memory Device Mapped Address 21 Built-in Pointing Device 22 Portable Battery 23 System Reset 24 Hardware Security 25 System Power Controls 26 Voltage Probe 27 Cooling Device 28 Temperature Probe 29 Electrical Current Probe 30 Out-of-band Remote Access 31 Boot Integrity Services 32 System Boot 33 64-bit Memory Error 34 Management Device 35 Management Device Component 36 Management Device Threshold Data 37 Memory Channel 38 IPMI Device 39 Power Supply 40 Additional Information 41 Onboard Devices Extended Information 42 Management Controller Host Interface
按类型查询记录¶
可以按记录标识符查看记录。
# list required record dmidecode -t [record_name][,record_name_2][...] dmidecode -t [record_id][,record_id_2][...]
查询固件指令汇总¶
查询系统固件信息。
> cat /proc/version Linux version 5.4.0-42-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-023) (gcc version 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)) #46~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 07:21:24 UTC 2020
> uname -a Linux server-442 5.4.0-42-generic #46~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jul 10 07:21:24 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
> lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS Release: 18.04 Codename: bionic